Frequent Exposure to Many Hunting Dogs Significantly Increases Tick Exposure.

Angela J. Toepp, Kelsey Willardson, Mandy Larson, Benjamin D. Scott, Ashlee Johannes, Reid Senesac, and Christine A. Petersen. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. Published Online:17 Jul 2018:

https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2017.2238

Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in local Bali dog.  

I Made Dwinata, Ida Bagus Made Oka, Kadek Karang Agustina and I Made Damriyasa Veterinary World, 11(7): 926-929.

Fleas and Ticks of Red Foxes as Vectors of Canine Bacterial and Parasitic Pathogens, in Slovakia, Central Europe.

Bronislava Víchová, Martin Bona, Martina Miterpáková, Jasna Kraljik, Viktória Čabanová, Gabriela Nemčíková, Zuzana Hurníková, and Martin Oravec. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. Published Online:17 Jul 2018

https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2018.2314

Model-based analysis of experimental data from interconnected, row-configured huts elucidates multifaceted effects of a volatile chemical on Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

Quirine A. ten Bosch, Fanny Castro-Llanos, Hortance Manda, Amy C. Morrison, John P. Grieco, Nicole L. Achee and T. Alex Perkins. Parasites & Vectors 2018, 11:365.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2919-0

Twenty years of surveillance for Eastern equine encephalitis virus in mosquitoes in New York State from 1993 to 2012.

JoAnne Oliver, Gary Lukacik, John Kokas, Scott R. Campbell, Laura D. Kramer, James A. Sherwood and John J. Howard. Parasites & Vectors 2018, 11:362.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2950-1

Physiological and immunological responses to Culicoides sonorensis blood-feeding: a murine model.

Christopher J. Lehiy, Lindsey M. Reister-Hendricks, Mark G. Ruder, D. Scott McVey and Barbara S. Drolet. Parasites & Vectors 2018, 11:358.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2935-0

Natural infection of Neotropical bats with hantavirus in Brazil.

Gilberto Sabino-Santos Jr, Felipe Gonçalves Motta Maia, Ronaldo Bragança Martins, Talita Bianca Gagliardi, William Marciel de Souza, Renata Lara Muylaert, Luciano Kleber de Souza Luna, Danilo Machado Melo, Ricardo de Souza Cardoso, Natalia da Silva Barbosa, Marjorie Cornejo Pontelli, Priscila Rosse Mamani-Zapana, Thallyta Maria Vieira, Norma Maria Melo, Colleen B. Jonsson, Douglas Goodin, Jorge Salazar-Bravo, Luis Lamberti Pinto daSilva, Eurico Arruda & Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo. Scientific Reportsvolume 8. Available at:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-27442-w

Japanese encephalitis: the vectors, ecology and potential for expansión.

James C Pearce, BSc  Tristan P Learoyd, Dr Benjamin J Langendorf, Dr  James G Logan, Prof. Journal of Travel Medicine, Volume 25, Issue suppl_1, 1 May 2018, Pages S16–S26,

https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/tay009

Distribution of the Mosquito Communities (Diptera: Culicidae) in Oviposition Traps Introduced into the Atlantic Forest in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Silva Shayenne Olsson Freitas, Ferreira de Mello Cecilia, Figueiró Ronaldo, de Aguiar Maia Daniele, and Alencar Jeronimo. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic DiseasesVol. 18, No. 4 Original Articles. Published Online:1 Apr 2018

https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2017.2222

High-Resolution Ecological Niche Modeling of Ixodes scapularis Ticks Based on Passive Surveillance Data at the Northern Frontier of Lyme Disease Emergence in North America.

Soucy Jean-Paul R., Slatculescu Andreea M., Nyiraneza Christine, Ogden Nicholas H., Leighton Patrick A., Kerr Jeremy T., and Kulkarni Manisha A. Published Online:1 May 2018

https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2017.2234

Zoonotic Agents in Feral Pigeons (Columba livia) from Costa Rica: Possible Improvements to Diminish Contagion Risks.

Torres-Mejía Ana María, Blanco-Peña Kinndle Rodríguez César, Duarte Francisco, Jiménez-Soto Mauricio, and Esperón Fernando. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic DiseasesVol. 18, No. 1 Original Articles. Published Online:1 Jan 2018

https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2017.2131

Suspected and confirmed vector-borne rickettsioses of North America associated with human diseases.

Yoshimizu, Melissa Hardstone; Billeter, Sarah A. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. Volume 3 Issue 1 (2018).

History of Mosquitoborne Diseases in the United States and Implications for New Pathogens.

Moreno-Madriñán MJ, Turell M. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 018;24(5):821-826. doi:10.3201/eid2405.171609.

Surveillance for Mosquitoborne Transmission of Zika Virus, New York City, NY, USA, 2016.

Wahnich A, Clark S, Bloch D, et al. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(5):827-834. doi:10.3201/eid2405.170764.

Fatal Yellow Fever in Travelers to Brazil, 2018.

Hamer DH, Angelo K, Caumes E, et al. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. ePub: 16 March 2018. DOI:

http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6711e1

Rodents and Risk in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam: Seroprevalence of Selected Zoonotic Viruses in Rodents and Humans.

Van Cuong Nguyen, Carrique-Mas Juan, Vo Be Hien, An Nguyen Ngoc, Tue Ngo Tri, Anh Nguyet Lam, Anh Pham Hong, Phuc Nguyen The, Baker Stephen, Voutilainen Liina, Jääskeläinen Anne, Huhtamo Eili, Utriainen Mira, Sironen Tarja, Vaheri Antti, Henttonen Heikki, Vapalahti Olli, Chaval Yannick, Morand Serge, and Bryant Juliet E. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases   January 2015. Vol 15, Issue 1.

The Challenges and Advances in Diagnosis of Vector-Borne Diseases: Where Do We Stand?

Josipa Kuleš, Lenka Potocnakova, Katarina Bhide, Laura Tomassone, Hans-Peter Fuehrer, Anita Horvatić, Asier Galan, Nicolas Guillemin, Petra Nižić, Vladimir Mrljak, Mangesh Bhide. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. May 2017, 17(5): 285-296.

Control of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in Northwestern Italy: Preparedness from One Season to the Next No Access.

Federica Verna, Paola Modesto, Maria Cristina Radaelli, Danila Raffaella Francese, Enrico Monaci, Rosanna Desiato, Carla Grattarola, Simone Peletto, Andrea Mosca, Giovanni Savini, Rosa Chianese, Vittorio Demicheli, Marino Prearo, Laura Chiavacci, Alessandra Pautasso, Cristina Casalone. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. May 2017, 17(5): 331-339.

Deer presence rather than abundance determines the population density of the sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus, in Dutch forests.

Tim R. Hofmeester, Hein Sprong, Patrick A. Jansen, Herbert H. T. Prins and Sipke E. van Wieren. Parasites & Vectors 2017, 10:433 | Published on: 19 September 2017.

Modelling the current distribution and predicted spread of the flea species Ctenocephalides felis infesting outdoor dogs in Spain.

Rosa Gálvez, Vicenzo Musella, Miguel A. Descalzo, Ana Montoya, Rocío Checa, Valentina Marino, Oihane Martín, Giuseppe Cringoli, Laura Rinaldi and Guadalupe Miró. Parasites & Vectors 2017, 10:428 | Published on: 19 September 2017.

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Continues Its Growth.

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. Stephen Higgs. January 2011, 11(1): 1-2.

https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2011.11.1.ed

Culex Flavivirus and West Nile Virus in Culex quinquefasciatus Populations in the Southeastern United States.

Rebekah Kent Crockett, Kristen Burkhalter, Daniel Mead, Rosmarie Kelly, Jeffrey Brown, Wendy Varnado, Alma Roy, Kalanthe Horiuchi, Brad J. Biggerstaff, Barry Miller, Roger Nasci. Journal of Medical Entomology. Jan 2012, Vol. 49, No. 1: 165-174.

Pathogens of Emerging Tick-Borne Diseases, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp., and Babesia spp., in Ixodes Ticks Collected from Rodents at Four Sites in Switzerland (Canton of Bern).

Caroline Burri, Christèle Dupasquier, Viktoria Bastic, and Lise Gern. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. Jul 2011, Vol. 11, No. 7: 939-944.

Small-Scale Die-Offs in Woodrats Support Long-Term Maintenance of Plague in the US Southwest.

Michael Kosoy, Pamela Reynolds, Ying Bai, Kelly Sheff, Russell E. Enscore, John Montenieri, Paul Ettestad, Kenneth Gage. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases  September 2017. Vol 17, Issue 9

A Review of the Invasive Mosquitoes in Europe: Ecology, Public Health Risks, and Control Options.

Jolyon M. Medlock, Kayleigh M. Hansford, Francis Schaffner, Veerle Versteirt, Guy Hendrickx, Herve Zeller, and Wim Van Bortel. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases  June 2012. Vol 12, Issue 6.

Detection of Lyme Disease and Q Fever Agents in Wild Rodents in Central Italy.

Pascucci Ilaria, Di Domenico Marco, Dall'Acqua Francesca, Sozio Giulia, and Cammà Cesare. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases  July 2015. Vol 15, Issue 7.

Relative performance of indoor vector control interventions in the Ifakara and the West African experimental huts.

Welbeck A. Oumbouke, Augustin Fongnikin, Koffi B. Soukou, Sarah J. Moore and Raphael N’Guessan. Parasites & Vectors 2017 10:432. Published on: 19 September 2017.

Niche partitioning of Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia miyamotoi in the same tick vector and mammalian reservoir species.

Barbour AG1, Bunikis J, Travinsky B, Hoen AG, Diuk-Wasser MA, Fish D, Tsao JI. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Dec;81(6):1120-31. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2009.09-0208.

Feline bartonellosis and cat scratch disease:

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. Volume 123, Issues 1–2, 15 May 2008, Pages 167-171. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.01.025

Epidemiologic observations on infection with Rochalimaea species among cats living in Baltimore, Md.

Childs JE1, Rooney JA, Cooper JL, Olson JG, Regnery RL. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1994 Jun 1;204(11):1775-8.

Canine surveillance system for Lyme borreliosis in Wisconsin and northern Illinois: geographic distribution and risk factor analysis.

Guerra MA1, Walker ED, Kitron U. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2001 Nov;65(5):546-52.

Detection of Bartonella species in the blood of veterinarians and veterinary technicians: a newly recognized occupational hazard?

Lantos PM1, Maggi RG, Ferguson B, Varkey J, Park LP, Breitschwerdt EB, Woods CW. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2014 Aug;14(8):563-70. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2013.1512.

Effect of Intermediate Hosts on Emerging Zoonoses.

Cui Jing-an, Chen Fangyuan, and Fan Shengjie. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. August 2017, 17(8): 599-609.

https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2016.2059

Powassan Virus: An Emerging Arbovirus of Public Health Concern in North America.

Meghan E. Hermance, Saravanan Thangamani. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. Jul 2017: 453-462.

Culex Species Mosquitoes and Zika Virus.

Yan-Jang S. Huang, Victoria B. Ayers, Amy C. Lyons, Isik Unlu, Barry W. Alto, Lee W. Cohnstaedt, Stephen Higgs, Dana L. Vanlandingham. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. Oct 2016: 673-676.

A Review of the Invasive Mosquitoes in Europe: Ecology, Public Health Risks, and Control Options.

Jolyon M. Medlock, Kayleigh M. Hansford, Francis Schaffner, Veerle Versteirt, Guy Hendrickx, Herve Zeller, Wim Van Bortel. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. Jun 2012: 435-447.

Rat Bite Fever Presenting As Palpable Purpura.

Chase W. Kwon, BA; Kathryn Somers, MD; Glynis Scott, MD; Mary Gail Mercurio, MD. JAMA Dermatol. 2016; 152(6):723-724. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.6034

https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.6034

Zoonotic Chlamydia caviae Presenting as Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

N Engl J Med 2017; 377:992-994September 7, 2017 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc1702983.

https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1702983

Effect of Intermediate Hosts on Emerging Zoonoses.

Cui Jing-an, Chen Fangyuan, and Fan Shengjie. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. August 2017, 17(8): 599-609.

https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2016.2059

Vector-Borne Pathogens in Stray Dogs in Northeastern Turkey. 

Esin Guven, Hamza Avcioglu, Seyda Cengiz, Armagan Hayirli. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. Aug 2017, 17(8): 610-617.

Powassan Virus: An Emerging Arbovirus of Public Health Concern in North America.

Meghan E. Hermance, Saravanan Thangamani. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. Jul 2017, 17(7): 453-462.

Genotyping Toxoplasma gondii with the B1 Gene in Naturally Infected Sheep from an Endemic Region in the Pacific Coast of Mexico.

Williams Arony Martínez-Flores, José Manuel Palma-García, Heriberto Caballero-Ortega, Alejandra Del Viento-Camacho, Eduardo López-Escamilla, Fernando Martínez-Hernández, Pablo Vinuesa, Dolores Correa, Pablo Maravilla. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. Jul 2017, 17(7): 495-502.

Effects of Zika Virus Strain and Aedes Mosquito Species on Vector Competence.

Ciota AT, Bialosuknia SM, Zink SD, et al. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2017;23(7):1110-1117. doi:10.3201/eid2307.161633.

Global patterns in coronavirus diversity.

Simon J. Anthony  Christine K. Johnson  Denise J. Greig Sarah Kramer  Xiaoyu Che  Heather Wells  Allison L. Hicks Damien O. Joly  Nathan D. Wolfe  Peter Daszak. Virus Evol (2017) 3 (1): vex012. DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/vex012

Bats are the major animal reservoir for coronaviruses worldwide, new research suggests. The animals were already linked to the coronaviruses that caused outbreaks of SARS and Middle East respiratory virus, or MERS. A tighter focus on bats could help scientists predict which of these viruses are likely to make the jump from animals to people, researchers suggest. Nature. Reference: Virus Evolution paper.

Powassan Virus: An Emerging Arbovirus of Public Health Concern in North America.

Hermance Meghan E. and Thangamani Saravanan. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. May 2017.

https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2017.2110

Brote de Chikungunya en el estado de Sonora. El problema de las enfermedades febriles exantemáticas en regiones de clima seco.

Jesús Delgado-de la Mora, Jesús David Licona-Enríquez, Gerardo Álvarez-Hernández: Consultado en mayo, 2017:  

http://saludpublica.mx/index.php/spm/article/view/7848/11092

Epidemiologic Survey of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection, Tibet, China, 2015.

Zhang H, Rehman M, Li K, et al. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2017;23(6):1023-1024. doi:10.3201/eid2306.152115.

Infecting mosquitoes with bacteria so they can’t infect us with viruses like Zika and dengue, 2017.

Schultz M. The Conversation, May 22, 2017. Available at:

http://theconversation.com/infecting-mosquitoes-with-bacteria-so-they-
cant-infect-us-with-viruses-like-zika-and-dengue-77541?utm_medium=
email&utm_campaign=Latest%20from%20The%20Conversation%20for
%20May%2022%202017&utm_content=Latest%20from%20The%20
Conversation%20for%20May%2022%202017+CID_26491ecbfac3e070
a91170fe5cdc283b&utm_source=campaign_monitor_us&utm_term=
Infecting%20mosquitoes%20with%20bacteria%20so%20they%20cant
%20infect%20us%20with%20viruses%20like%20Zika%20and%20dengue.

Prevalence and Geographic Distribution of Vector-Borne Pathogens in Apparently Healthy Dogs in Croatia.

Vladimir Mrljak, Josipa Kuleš, Željko Mihaljević, Marin Torti, Jelena Gotić, Martina Crnogaj, Tatjana Živičnjak, Iva Mayer, Iva Šmit, Mangesh Bhide, Renata Barić Rafaj, Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, april 2017.

Available at: http://online.liebertpub.com/toc/vbz/0/0.

Powassan Virus: An Emerging Arbovirus of Public Health Concern in North America.

Meghan E. Hermance, Saravanan Thangamani, Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. May 2017.

Available at: http://online.liebertpub.com/toc/vbz/0/0.

Control of Malaria Vector Mosquitoes by Insecticide-Treated Combinations of Window Screens and Eave Baffles. Emerging Infectious Diseases. Killeen GF, Masalu JP, Chinula D, et al. 2017;23(5):782-789. doi:10.3201/eid2305.160662.

The Challenges and Advances in Diagnosis of Vector-Borne Diseases: Where Do We Stand?

Josipa Kuleš, Lenka Potocnakova, Katarina Bhide, Laura Tomassone, Hans-Peter Fuehrer, Anita Horvatić, Asier Galan, Nicolas Guillemin, Petra Nižić, Vladimir Mrljak, and Mangesh Bhide

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Vol. 17, No. 5, May 2017: 285-296.

Lack of Durable Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies Against Zika Virus from Dengue Virus Infection.

Matthew H. CollinsComments to Author , Eileen McGowan, Ramesh Jadi, Ellen Young, Cesar A. Lopez, Ralph S. Baric, Helen M. Lazear, and Aravinda M. de Silva: Available at:

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/23/5/16-1630_article

Emergin Infectious Diseases, Volume 23, Number 2—February 2017:

Risk Factors for Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis, United States

Emergin Infectious Diseases, Volume 23, Number 2—February 2017:

Changing Epidemiology of Human Brucellosis, China, 1955–2014 [MB - 10 pages]

Journal Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

FREE ACCESS to these selected articles from the special Guidelines Issue through February 1, 2017.

Read now:

Editorial

European Network for Neglected Vectors and Vector-Borne Infections COST Action Guidelines: What Is This About and What Is This For?

Remi N. Charrel, Laetitia Lempereur, Andrei D. Mihalca, Muriel Vayssier-Taussat Read Now

Guidelines in VBZD

Diagnosing Borreliosis

Sally J. Cutler, Nataliia Rudenko, Maryna Golovchenko, Wibke J. Cramaro, Josiane Kirpach, Sara Savic, Iva Christova, Ana Amaro Read Now

Guidelines for the Direct Detection of Anaplasma spp. in Diagnosis and Epidemiological Studies

Cornelia Silaghi, Ana Sofia Santos, Jacinto Gomes, Iva Christova, Ioana Adriana Matei, Gernot Walder, Ana Domingos, Lesley Bell-Sakyi, Hein Sprong, Friederike D. von Loewenich, José A. Oteo, José de la Fuente, J. Stephen Dumler Read Now

Guidelines for the Detection of Rickettsia spp.

Aránzazu Portillo, Rita de Sousa, Sonia Santibáñez, Ana Duarte, Sophie Edouard, Isabel P. Fonseca, Cátia Marques, Marketa Novakova, Ana M. Palomar, Marcos Santos, Cornelia Silaghi, Laura Tomassone, Sara Zúquete, José A. Oteo Read Now

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Human Infection Cases in Spain: Dog-to-Human Transmission

Carmen Lozano, Antonio Rezusta, Isabel Ferrer, Vanesa Pérez-Laguna, Myriam Zarazaga, Laura Ruiz-Ripa, María José Revillo, and Carmen Torres. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, New Article

Abstract | Full Text HTML | Full Text PDF (83 KB) | Full Text PDF with Links (95 KB) | Supplemental Material

https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?hl=es#inbox/159a595b33efe248

Prevalence of Antibodies Against Coxiella burnetii in Korean Native Cattle, Dairy Cattle, and Dogs in South Korea.

Kwang-Soo Lyoo, Doo Kim, Hyung Gwan Jang, Seung-Joon Lee, Mi Yeoun Park, and Tae-Wook Hahn. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, New Article. Abstract | Full Text HTML | Full Text PDF (170 KB) | Full Text PDF with Links (139 KB)

https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?hl=es#inbox/159a595b33efe248

REVIEW ARTICLE
Lindsey R. Baden, M.D., editor
Zika Virus
Lyle R. Petersen, M.D., M.P.H., Denise J. Jamieson, M.D., M.P.H., Ann M. Powers, Ph.D., and Margaret A. Honein, Ph.D., M.P.H.

N Engl J Med 2016; 374:1552-1563April 21, 2016DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1602113

Con relación a la enfermedad por el Zika virus, recomendamos consultar The New England Journal of Medicine, que contiene, en el enlace que se ofrece: una colección de artículos sobre brotes por el Zika virus, que incluye reportes clínicos, guías de manejo y comentarios.

http://www.nejm.org/page/zika-virus

Perspective: Beyond the Ebola Battle — Winning the War against Future Epidemics

Victor J. Dzau, M.D., and Peter Sands, M.P.A.

The New England Journal of Medicine.

June 8, 2016DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1605847

ArticleReferencesMetrics

The battle to contain and ultimately defeat the Ebola epidemic of 2014–2015 has been vividly described.1-3 Caught off guard from the start and hindered by myriad coordination, communication, and other problems, a combination of local and international teams fought back with determination, courage, and eventually the deployment of substantial resources to stem the contagion and save lives. Yet more than 11,000 people died, and local economies were brought to a halt. The battle was won, but at immense cost.

With the immediate crisis over, the world’s attention has moved on. Ebola has vanished from the headlines and seemingly from policymakers’ to-do lists. Attention has shifted to Zika and other competing priorities. Yet it would be a huge mistake to turn away and declare the war over, for West Africa remains vulnerable to a resurgence of Ebola. There will undoubtedly be new outbreaks; the only question is how well they will be contained.

The capabilities and infrastructure required to prevent, identify, and respond to infectious-disease outbreaks are well understood. They include disease surveillance and escalation, case detection and diagnosis, contact tracing and isolation, clinical care and infection control, community engagement, and communication. Yet low-income countries like Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia need support to put these capacities in place and to sustain them. They have neither the money nor the human resources to do it all themselves.

The imperative to reinforce public health preparedness and response capabilities is not unique either to West Africa or to Ebola. Zika has revealed similar weaknesses in Latin America and the Caribbean, as has MERS (Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome) in the Middle East and Asia. But while we scramble to mobilize resources in response to new outbreaks, we skimp on building better defenses.

Stronger public health capabilities at a national level are the essential first line of defense against potential pandemics, as we and other members of the National Academy of Medicine Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework for the Future have argued.4 The commission has called for rigorous and transparent benchmarking of such capabilities, concrete plans for filling the gaps, and adequate and sustainable financing.

Some observers contend that benchmarking the poorest countries is pointless, since we already know that the gaps are huge. But benchmarking will help governments and donor partners establish priorities and track progress. Transparent benchmarking will enable due credit to be given to countries that are making progress and inspire a sense of urgency about those where gaps persist. Moreover, deficiencies in pandemic preparedness extend beyond the poorest countries. Many middle-income countries fall short on this front, as do some countries with advanced economies. Benchmarking will enable civil society to hold governments accountable and will sharpen debates about domestic fiscal priorities.

Our commission argued that pandemic preparedness and response should be treated as an essential tenet of human and economic security, not just as a health issue, and set out the case for greater investment. Nearly 100 million people were killed in the 20th century by the “Spanish Flu” epidemic of 1918–1919 and the HIV–AIDS epidemic. Examining only direct economic costs, we estimated that annual expected losses from potential pandemics exceed $60 billion per year. Fan et al. have since provided estimates incorporating the economic costs of deaths, which range as high as $490 billion per year.5 The world has grossly underinvested in efforts to prevent and mitigate infectious-disease risks, as compared with other major threats to global security. The commission proposed an investment of $4.5 billion per year — not a small sum but not out of reach, and only a fraction of what we stand to lose if we continue to neglect preparedness. The largest component of this investment, as much as $3.4 billion per year, would comprise investments in upgrading national public health systems.

The problem is that until the outbreak happens and people begin dying, there is limited political attraction to spending money on it; we hesitate to invest in preventing and preparing for something that may not happen. Like fire engines with flashing lights and loud sirens rushing to a conflagration, an effective response strategy can make good politics. Yet we need to invest in the equivalent of fire-retardant furnishings, strict building codes, and the installation of smoke sensors and commercial sprinkler systems. It is the painstaking building of perhaps unglamorous capabilities related to disease surveillance, diagnostics, emergency preparedness, and infection-control protocols that will save the most lives and minimize economic disruption.

Many of the lives lost in the Ebola epidemic in West Africa could have been saved if Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia had been better prepared. We know what needs to be put in place. And though the funding requirements are substantial, the case for global security and economy is compelling: it is so much more cost-effective to invest in preparedness than to spend in response. If, in a few years, there is another Ebola outbreak that once again kills several thousand people, we will have no excuse.

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases
Though first identified in 1947, Zika virus (ZIKV) has only now moved from
relative obscurity to notoriety, becoming a major threat on a global scale.
The CDC has recommended postponing travel to areas with ongoing
transmission and is updating travel advisories as the epidemic spreads,
and the World Health Organization has now declared the outbreak an
international public health emergency.
In a brand new editorial, Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Editor-in-Chief
Stephen Higgs, PhD, FRES addresses the emergence of ZIKV in an effort to
determine “What’s next?”

Read Now:
Zika Virus: Emergence and Emergency

Zika Virus Health Information Resources
January 27, 2016

We have all been hearing more about the mosquito-borne flavivirus transmitted
primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, Zika Virus. The National Library of
Medicine has gathered together these resources to assist public health
departments, health care providers, librarians, and others seeking authoritative
information on the virus.

General Information

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services
· Zika Virus - http://www.cdc.gov/zika/index.html

World Health Organization (WHO)
· Zika virus disease - http://www.who.int/csr/disease/zika/en/
· Zika Virus Fact sheet - http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/en/
· Zika virus disease: Questions and answers - http://www.who.int/features/qa/zika/en/
· Briefing notes on Zika and Microcephaly http://reliefweb.int/report/world/briefing-notes-zika-and-microcephaly

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), World Health Organization
· Zika Virus Infection - http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_topics&view=article&id=
427&Itemid=41484
Also available in Spanish:
http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_topics&view=article&id=
427&Itemid=41484&lang=es

National Institutes of Health (NIH), NIH Director’s Blog
· Zika Virus: An Emerging Health Threat - http://directorsblog.nih.gov/2016/01/26/zika-virus-an-emerging-health-threat/

National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National
Institutes of Health (NIH)
· Zika Virus in the Americas — Yet Another Arbovirus Threat - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=26761185
· Notice of NIAID's Interest to Highlight High-Priority Zika virus (ZIKV) Research
Areas -   http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-AI-16-026.html

National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National
Institutes of Health
· Zika virus infection - https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/gard/12894/zika-virus-infection/resources/1

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
· Zika virus infection  - http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/zika_virus_infection/pages/index.aspx

Public Health England
· Zika virus - https://www.gov.uk/guidance/zika-virus

U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) - PubMed Citations
· Zika – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=zika+AND+English[la]
· Zika and Brazil – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=zika+and+brazil

GenBank, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), U.S. National
Library of Medicine (NLM)
· Zika - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/?term=Zika

Pregnant Women and Zika Virus

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services
· For Pregnant Women - http://www.cdc.gov/zika/pregnancy/index.html
· Interim Guidelines for Pregnant Women During a Zika Virus Outbreak —
United States, 2016  (January 22nd, 2016) - http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6502e1.htm

Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization
· Questions and Answers: Zika and pregnancy -http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=
11552&Itemid=41672&lang=en

National Library of Medicine - PubMed Citations
· Zika and Microcephaly – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=zika+AND+microcephaly
· Zika and Pregnancy – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=%28Pregnancy[Mesh]+OR+
pregnant[tiab]+OR+pregnant+woman[mh]+OR+pregnancy[tiab]+OR+pregnant+
women[mh]%29+AND+zika+AND+English[la]

Information on Zika for Health Care Providers

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services
· For Health Care Providers - http://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/index.html
· Interim Guidelines for the Evaluation and Testing of Infants with Possible
Congenital Zika Virus Infection — United States, 2016 (January 26th, 2016) - http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6503e3er.htm

National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health
· Zika virus infection - Treatment - https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/gard/12894/zika-virus-infection/resources/8

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
· Zika virus infection: Factsheet for health professionals - http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/zika_virus_infection/factsheet-health-professionals/Pages/factsheet_health_professionals.aspx
· Rapid Risk Assessment: Microcephaly in Brazil potentially linked to the Zika
virus epidemic [November 24th, 2015] - http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/zika-microcephaly-Brazil-
rapid-risk-assessment-Nov-2015.pdf
· Rapid Risk Assessment: Zika virus disease epidemic: potential association with
microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome (first update) [January 22nd, 2016] - http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/_layouts/forms/Publication_DispForm.
aspx?List=4f55ad51-4aed-4d32-b960-af70113dbb90&ID=1427

Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization
· As the Zika virus spreads, PAHO advises countries to monitor and report birth
anomalies and other suspected complications of the virus - http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11574
%3A2016-as-the-zika-virus-spreads-paho-advises-countries-to-monitor-and-
report-birth-anomalies-suspected-complications-of-virus&catid=740%3Anews-
press-releases&Itemid=1926&lang=en
· Also available in Spanish: http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=
11574%3A2016-as-the-zika-virus-spreads-paho-advises-countries-to-monitor-
and-report-birth-anomalies-suspected-complications-of-virus&catid=740%3
Anews-press-releases&Itemid=1926&lang=es

National Library of Medicine - PubMed Citations
· Zika and Encephalitis – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=zika+virus+AND+encephalitis
· Zika and Guillain-Barré Syndrome - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=zika+AND+guillain-barre

Epidemiology

World Health Organization and Pan American Health Organization
· Disease Outbreak News: Zika virus infection - http://www.who.int/csr/don/archive/disease/zika-virus-infection/en/
· Epidemiological Update: Neurological syndrome, congenital anomalies, and Zika
virus infection, 17 January 2016 - http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&Itemid
=270&gid=32879&lang=en

Laboratory Detection and Diagnosis of Zika Virus

Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization
· Zika Virus (ZIKV) Surveillance in the Americas: Interim guidance for laboratory
detection and diagnosis - http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_
download&Itemid=&gid=30176&lang=en

Travel

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services
· Zika Travel Health Notices - http://www.cdc.gov/zika/pregnancy/travel-health-notices.html
· CDC adds countries to interim travel guidance related to Zika Virus - http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/s0122-zika-travel-guidance.html
· CDC adds 2 destinations to interim travel guidance related to Zika virus http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/s0126-zika-travel-guidance.html
· Recognizing, Managing, and Reporting Zika Virus Infections in Travelers
Returning from Central America, South America, the Caribbean, and Mexico - http://emergency.cdc.gov/han/han00385.asp
· Zika Virus Spreads to New Areas — Region of the Americas, May 2015–January
2016 (January 22nd, 2016) - http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6503e1er.htm
· Possible Association Between Zika Virus Infection and Microcephaly —
Brazil, 2015 (January 22nd, 2016) - http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6503e2er.htm

World Health Organization
· Information for travelers (Zika virus) - http://www.who.int/csr/disease/zika/information-for-travelers/en/

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
· Countries with local Zika transmission - http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/zika_virus_infection/zika-outbreak/Pages
/Zika-information-travellers.aspx

Surveillance and Control of Mosquito Vectors

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services
· Surveillance and Control of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the United
States - http://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/resources/vector-control.html

Resources on Zika virus infection in Portuguese

Portal da Saúde
· Perguntas e respostas – Microcefalia –
http://portalsaude.saude.gov.br/index.php/o-ministerio/principal/leia-mais-o-
ministerio/197-secretaria-svs/20799-microcefalia

World Health Organization/Organização Mundial da Saúde
· Doença do vírus Zika - http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/pt/

Resources on Zika virus infection in Spanish

Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization
· Mientras el zika continúa propagándose, OPS recomienda a los países
monitorear síndromes neurológicos y anomalías congénitas - http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=
11574%3A2016-as-the-zika-virus-spreads-paho-advises-countries-to-monitor
-and-report-birth-anomalies-suspected-complications-of-virus&catid=740%3
Anews-press-releases&Itemid=1926&lang=es
· Zika, Infección por Virus - http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_topics&view=article&id=427&
Itemid=41484&lang=es

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

Table of Contents Alert
Volume: 16, Number: 1, January 2016

View this Issue Online

Chikungunya Virus May Lead to Encephalitis

http://dgnews.docguide.com/chikungunya-virus-may-lead-encephalitis?overlay=2&nl_ref=newsletter&pk_campaign=newsletter

INVASIVE MOSQUITO - EUROPE: FRANCE (VILLE DE PARIS)

A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org

ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org

New York Post
http://nypost.com/2015/08/20/dengue-fever-spreading-asian-tiger-mosquitoes-
return-to-paris

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases
Editor-in-Chief: Stephen Higgs, PhD, FRES

Detection of Lyme Disease and Q Fever Agents in Wild Rodents in Central Italy
Ilaria Pascucci, Marco Di Domenico, Francesca Dall'Acqua, Giulia Sozio, Cesare
Cammà

Epidemiologic and Environmental Risk Factors of Rift Valley Fever in Southern
Africa from 2008 to 2011
Margaret M. Glancey, Assaf Anyamba, Kenneth J. Linthicum

Effi cacy and safety of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine with or without a
booster dose in infants and children in Africa: fi nal results of a phase 3,
individually randomised, controlled trial

Human infection with a novel tick-borne Anaplasma species in China:
a surveillance study

http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(15)70051-4
/fulltext

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Table of Contents Alert

http://online.liebertpub.com/toc/vbz/14/8#utm_source=ETOC&utm_medium=
email&utm_campaign=vbz

Día Mundial de la Salud 2014: Pequeñas picaduras, grandes amenazas

http://www.paho.org/world-health-day-2014/?lang=es

ENFERMEDAD DE CHAGAS

http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/8/7/01-0454_article.htm

DENGUE

http://www.cenavece.salud.gob.mx/programas/interior/vectores/dengue.html

http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/11/7/04-1352_article.htm

VIRUS DEL OESTE DEL NILO

http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/2/05-0871_article.htm

INTOXICACIÓN POR PICADURA DE ALACRÁN* (PDF)

http://www.epidemiologia.salud.gob.mx/doctos/infoepid/vig_epid_manuales/
21_2012_Manual_Pic_Alacran_vFinal_3dic12.pdf

ONCOCERCOSIS

http://www.facmed.unam.mx/deptos/microbiologia/parasitologia/
oncocercosis.html

ESTUDIO | Distribución geográfica
El primer mapa mundial de la incidencia de dengue

http://www.elmundo.es/elmundosalud/2013/04/05/biociencia/1365155065.html

TETRAVALENT DENGUE VACCINE - PHASE III STUDY -- 2 Researchers identify fifth dengue subtype | CIDRAP

Researchers identify fifth dengue subtype | CIDRAP

http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2013/10/researchers-identify-fift
h-dengue-subtype